cold.fyi / The Airwaves / What's that signal?

Section 01 of 23 · about 12 min read · updated October 2026

01What's that signal?

The short version: Search everything in this guide by what you noticed - "plane on a flight tracker", "phone says SOS only", "scanner went silent", "antenna on a light pole", "clock set itself" - and jump to the explanation. Below it, the spectrum chart lays every band in this guide on one ruler, from the time signal that sets radio-controlled clocks to the 5G millimeter waves.

Signal lookup

140 things you might notice

    The spectrum on one ruler

    Each bar is a band covered in this guide, placed on a logarithmic scale so that kilohertz and gigahertz fit on the same line. Tap a bar for what lives there, where the rule applies and the source.

    Spectrum ruler

    68 bands on one line

    10 kHz100 kHz1 MHz10 MHz100 MHz1 GHz10 GHz100 GHzVLF (ITU band 4)LF (ITU band 5)SAR-based exposure limitsICNIRP 2020 guidelinesMF (ITU band 6)AM broadcastHF (ITU band 7)13.56 MHz ISMRTL-SDR typical rangeVHF (ITU band 8)VHF TV channels 2-4VHF TV channels 5-6FM broadcastAirband ATC voiceVDL Mode 2AIS 3 (156.775 MHz)AIS 4 (156.825 MHz)Railroad VHF bandAIS 1 (161.975 MHz)AIS 2 (162.025 MHz)NOAA Weather Radio169-172 MHz micsVHF TV channels 7-13UHF (ITU band 9)433 MHz ISMT-Band channel 14 (BAPERN)T-BandUHF TV channels 14-36T-Band channel 16Australian mic class licenceChannel 38 PMSE600 MHz guard band (part)600 MHz mobile (617-652 MHz)600 MHz duplex gap (licensed)600 MHz duplex gap (unlicensed600 MHz mobile (663-698 MHz)700 MHz band700 MHz mobile (2021 award)Band 14 downlinkBand 14 uplinkEU868Zigbee 868 MHz902-928 MHz (Part 15.247)941.5-959.85 MHz1435-1525 MHz1920-1930 MHz2.4 GHz (Part 15.247)2.4 GHz ISMSHF (ITU band 10)3.1-3.45 GHzUS mid-band 5G swath3.6-3.8 GHz award (2021 assignC-band (Auction 107)Upper C-band5.8 GHz (Part 15.247)5.8 GHz ISMLower 6 GHz (UK)6 GHz unlicensedLower 6 GHz (EU)Upper 6 GHz (UK)6875-7125 MHz7.4-8.4 GHzStarlink Gen2 downlink (added EHF (ITU band 11)Starlink Gen2 uplink, V-band (Starlink Gen2 uplink, W-band (Starlink Gen2 uplink (added 20Band 12 (decimillimetric)Logarithmic scale. Each band links to its section; rules differ by country.

    Tap or focus a band to see what uses it.

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